英语句子成分

2021-09-10 fishedee 英语

0 概述

句子成分,句型和从句是英语语法中最核心的一个模块。

英语的句子按其结构可分为三种,简单句、并列句、复合句。

1 简单句

1.1 主+谓

一个句子是为了说明一件事(或表达一种感情)

  • I dance.
  • She died.
  • we agree.

1.2 主语+谓语+宾语

句型2在句型1的基础上多了一个宾语,宾语是什么呢?还是从句子表达事情的角度看,可以理解为“谁,对谁怎么样了”。宾语,就是主语借助一个动作(谓语)作用的一个对象。

  • I hate him.
  • I love you.
  • I dance with her. (dance是不及物动词,所以加了介词才能接名词)

1.3 主语+谓语+间接宾语+直接宾语

在这个句型里,我们发现谓语后面跟了两个宾语,直接宾语,就是谓语动词直接作用的对象,而间接宾语,是指谓语需要先借助于一个间接的对象,再把动作传递到直接宾语身上。

  • I give him a book.(“给”,这个动作,最终作用的对象是“书”,但需要先通过“他”,把“给”这个动作传递到书)

这种句型较少

1.4 主语+谓语+宾语+宾语补足语

相对于句型2,这种句型中又多了一个宾语补足语,“补足”意思就是补充说明,所以宾语补足语的作用,就是用来补充说明宾语怎么样了。

  • I want you to go with me.(我要你,要你干什么呢?to go with me,即要你跟我一些走,这个部分就是宾语补足语。)

1.5 主语+系动词+表语

表语,就是跟在系动词后面的成分的一个统称,不用过分在意它是什么意思。感官类系动词,其后一般接形容词;be动词后一般接名词(或不定式等)。注意是,系动词,不是及物动词。

  • It smells good.
  • She is a teacher.

2 从句

从句,就是在简单句的基础上,添加了一些附属的成分后所构成的复合句式,这些附属成分是以句子的形式存在的。也就是说,简单句里面再套了一个句子,这种嵌套关系是通过关联词来连接的。

  • I like the girl.
  • The girl is standing under the tree.

可以组合为:

  • I like the girl who is standing under the tree.

2.1 名词性从句

名词性从句,分为主语从句、表语从句、宾语从句、同位语从句四类。什么叫名词性从句呢?就是从句在整个句子中作名词性成分,所以统称为名词性从句。

2.2 定语从句

定语从句,大家可以对应地把它理解为形容词性从句,从句在整个句子中作形容词性成分。

2.3 状语从句

状语从句,大家可以对应地把它理解为副词性从句,从句在整个句子中作副词性成分。状语从句,是丰富句子内容的一种表达方式,它很灵活,涉及到的连词、句式用法也很多,也需要重点掌握。

3 名词性从句

名词性从句包含主语从句、表语从句、宾语从句和同位语从句。

3.1 宾语从句

宾语从句,就是在从句里面做宾语成分的句子

  • I know sth.(sth在句子里作宾语,即主+谓+宾这种句式)
  • she likes me.

合并一下就是

  • I know that she likes me.

3.3.1 分类

从属连词引导(不作成分)

  • that,引导陈述句
  • whether/if,引导一般疑问句,whether…or句式中,一般用whether。介词之后,要用whether。不定时前,要用whether

关系代词引导(作成分)

who/which/what/whose/whom

  • she knows what he wants.(这是一个宾语从句,同时what在从句也是作了一个宾语的成分)

连词副词引导(作状语)

when/where/why/how

  • I don’t know when the bus will come。(这是一个宾语从句,同时when这个连接副词在从句中作了一个状语成分)

3.3.2 要点

从句为陈述语序

主从句时态呼应

  • 主句现在时,从句任何时态都可以
  • 主句过去时,从句用表过去的某种时态
  • 从句一般固定用现在时的情况。客观真理(如,地球围绕太阳转)。科学真理(如,2+2=4)。自然现象(如,水在零度可结冰)。谚语。习惯性的动作(如,每天9点上班)

3.2 主语从句

主语,我们之前讲过,指一个句子要说明的对象,是句子的主体。主语从句,就是指可以用来做句子主语的一种从句。

  • she likes me.
  • It makes me happy.(It 是句子的主语)

合并后,变为

  • That she likes me makes me happy.

3.2.1 分类

分类:

  • 连词,that/whether引导,不作成分
  • 关系代词,what/who/which引导,作成分
  • 连接副词,how/when/why/where引导,作成分

3.2.2 要点

It 作形式主语

常见句型

  • It + be + 名词 + that从句。(It is a fact that…)
  • It + be + 形容词 + that从句。(It is necessary that …)
  • It + 不及物动词 + that从句。(It appears that …)
  • It + be + v-ed + that从句。(It is said that…)

因为外国人习惯让主语、谓语等主要成分保持简洁,不喜欢拿一个很长的句子作主语。但当主语就是很长怎么办呢?这个时候,他们会用It这样一个简单的词来充当主语,而把it指代的一个句子放在后面,让句子看起来更清爽。例如:

  • 正常的主语从句:That she likes me makes me happy.
  • 修改之后的主语从句:It makes me happy that she likes me.

3.2.3 形式主语+不定式/动名词

这里

  • 错误,It is no use for you coming here。动名词的逻辑主语,不能用for的形式

  • 正确,It is no use your/you coming here。动名词的逻辑主语,只能用人称代词的宾格或者所有格。

  • 正确,It is hard for us to leave the shcool。不定式的逻辑主语,可以用for sb的方式

  • 正确,It is kind of him to help us。不定式的逻辑主语,可以用of sb的方式

当表示人的特质,人格性的词时候,用of,这里kind 就是表示人的一种性格。像wise,foolish,nice,等 也是用of。如果不表示人物的特质性格的时候用for.

3.3 表语从句

它跟在系动词后面,用来说明主语是什么或主语怎么样了。

系动词的分类有(词法上有介绍过的):

  • 状态类(说明主语性质):be(am/is/are)
  • 持续类(说明主语保持的状态):keep/rest/remain/stay
  • 变化类(说明主语变成什么样):become/grow/turn/fall
  • 感官类(主语用感觉器官感受):smell/sound/taste/feel
  • 表象类(说明主语像什么):seem/look/appear

例如:

  • It seems that she didn’t like me.
  • That is why I came here.
  • It looks as if he is angry.

注意到没,只要能识别出系动词,我们就知道一个从句是不是表语从句了,很简单。另外,在使用表语从句时,时态上没有特别的限制,不要求从句谓语跟系动词的状态保持一致,只要符合说话的场景即可。

3.3.1 分类

  • that引导
  • as/as if/though/because引导
  • whether引导
  • where/when/why/how引导
  • what/who引导

3.3.2 常用句型

  • It seems that …
  • The question is that …
  • My opinion is that …
  • The fact is that …
  • That’s why …(用来说明结果)
  • That’s because …(用来说明原因)
  • That’s what …(用来说明原因)
  • It looks as if …

3.4 同位语从句

同位语,按字面意思理解,就是具有相同地位的成分,与谁具有相同地位呢?就是同位语前面的那个名词。也就是说,同位语就是用来说明它前面的那个名词的内涵的,同位语成分翻译成中文,可用“即。。。”,“也就是。。。”这类表达方式。

同位语例子:

  • He my brother is a superstar。他,即我的哥哥,是个明星。my brother 就是he的同位语,两者指同一个对象,只是同位语的含义更具体。
  • We both can do it。我们,两个人,都可以做。both就是we的同位语,两者也指同一个对象。

3.4.1 特定名词后面

同位语从句,就是用一个句子来做同位语成分,通常跟在一些特定的名词之后。

这些名词有:

  • hope
  • wish
  • fact
  • answer
  • problem
  • news
  • belief
  • idea
  • promise
  • suggestion
  • order
  • conclusion
  • information
  • thought

例如:

  • The fact that she didn’t like mereally hurts me.
  • we are talking about the problem whether he should buy a bike.

判定同位语的方式,即,看同位语去掉后,句子的语义是否仍然完整,句子成分是否完整。如果完整,那就是同位语从句,因为同位语从句不像宾语从句、主语从句、表语从句等,它们都需要做句子成分,去掉后,句子成分就缺省了。

3.4.2 分类

分类:

  • that引导,从句意思完整
  • whether引导,从句意思不完整,需要增加“是否”含义
  • when/how/where引导,从句意思不完整,需要增加“什么时候,在那里,如何”等含义时

3.4.3 要点

  • 在表示命令、要求的名词后,从句常用”should+动词原形”的虚拟语气结构
  • 注意与定语从句的区别

3.4.4 同位语与定语

同位语只能由名词、代词、动名词以及从句来充当,不定式和现在分词属于非谓语动词,本质上还是动词,所以不能作同位语。

  • He’s getting a job tonight driving a truck. 这句中是driving a tuck是job的定语;
  • Soon came the order to start the general. 这句中是to start the general是order的定语。

4 定语从句

今天我们来讲形容词性从句,即定语从句。为什么定语从句叫形容词性从句呢?因为定语就是修饰名词或者代词的一类成分,它跟形容词的作用类似。

  • She is a girl
  • She is a beautiful girl.

合并后就是

  • She is a girl who is beautiful

合并的方式是这样的,连接词跟在名词或者代词后面,然后根据连接词在从句起到的成分,从句进行排列。以上例子,who在从句是主语成分,所以,是who is beautiful,而不是who beautiful is

例如:

  • Where is the book
  • I read the book yesterday

合并后为:

  • Where is the book that I read yesterday

合并方式类似,that指的是book,在从句中起到宾语成分,所以是that I read,而不是that read I。

要点:

  • 定语从句是修饰它前面的名词的,这对理解长难句非常有帮助。
  • 学会区分,定语从句的关系词,哪些指人,哪些指物,哪些又是指时间、地点、原因等状语

4.1 分类

4.1.1 指人

可以用he/she的地方就用who,可以用him/her的地方就用whom

who/whom

that,连接词在从句作宾语时可省略。例如:

  • where is the book that I read yesterday,that在从句起宾语作用,所以可以省略。where is the book I read yesterday。
  • She is a girl that is beautiful,that在从句起主语成分,所以不能省略。不能写为She is a girl is beautiful

4.1.2 指物

which

that,连接词在从句作宾语时可省略。

4.1.3 指地点、原因、时间等状语

分类包括:

  • 指时间,when,相当于during/on/in…which
  • 指原因,why,相当于for which
  • 指地点,where,相当于in/at/on…which

指地点例子:

  • We want to go to the park.
  • Many women are dancing in the park.

合并为

  • We want to go to the park where Many women are dancing。连接词在从句中起状语作用,表达地方,修饰dancing动词。在主句中起定语作用,修饰park名词。
  • We want to go to the park in which Many women are dancing。我们除了可以用where,还可以用in which,这个时候的in是指从句中做状语的in,不是主句做状语的in。

指原因例子:

  • I still remember the day
  • I came to school on that day.

合并为:

  • I still remember the day when I came to school.连接词在从句中起状语作用,表达时间,修饰came动词。在主句中起定语作用,修饰day名词
  • I still remember the day on which I came to school.我们除了可以用when,还可以用on which,这个时候的on是指从句中做状语的on,不是主句做状语的on。

指原因例子:

  • The reason is unknown.
  • He was late for that reason.

合并为:

  • The reason why he was late is unknown。连接词在从句中起状语作用,表达原因,修饰be动词。在主句中起定语作用,修饰reason名词
  • The reason for which he was late is unknown。我们除了可以用why,还可以用for which,这个时候的for是指从句中做状语的for,不是主句做状语的for。

4.2 区别,同位语从句

区别:

  • 同位语从句,连接词前面也是名词,但是连接词在从句中没有成分。
  • 定语从句,连接词前面也是名词,但是连接词在从句中担当成分。

例如:

  • The news that he will go abroad is true。he will go abroad本身就是完整的句子,that连接词在从句中不担当任何成分,所以这个句子是同位语从句。
  • The idea that he told me is wonderful。he told me本身不是完整的句子,tell是及物动词的时候,接的是双宾语结构,所以,he told me本身并不完整。that连接词在从句中担当宾语成分,所以这个句子是定语从句。

4.3 区别,非限制性定语从句

非限制性定语从句,特点是:

  • 从句有逗号分割开,
  • 修饰对象,除了修饰连接词前面的名词外,还修饰整个句子
  • 连接词,绝对不能用that,可以用who/whom,which,why,where和when

例如:

  • My sister, who is a teacher, always encourages me to study hard。who is a teacher,这个从句就是有逗号分割开的,它的意思是修饰my sister,同时也在修饰整个句子。翻译的时候,不是 “我那当老师的姐姐总是XXX”,而是“我的姐姐,她是个老师,总是XXX”
  • My sister always hits me, which makes me unhappy。这个从句就是有逗号分隔开的,它修饰的明显是一整个句子,而不是me。

4.4 区别,名词性从句

定语从句的连接词,有that,which,who/whom,where,why,when。定语从句去掉以后,主句不缺乏成分。

名词性从句的连接词,有what,how,whether。名词性从句去掉以后,主句子缺成分。

4.4 特定情况只能用that

定语从句修饰的词(即,先行词),前面有形容词最高级时

  • This is the best film that I have seen. (先行词是film,前面有the best修饰它,这时候只能用that,强调“最好的”)

先行词被the very/the only/the same/the last等修饰时

  • She is the only girl who has got a prize.(先行词是girl,前面有the only修饰它,这时候只能用that,强调“唯一一个”)

先行词被序数词修饰时

  • The first place that they visited was the Big Ben.(先行词是place,前面有the first修饰它,这时候只能用that,强调“第一个”)

先行词正好是anything/everything/nothing/few/all/none/little/some等词时

  • All that can be done has been done.(先行词是all,这时候只能用that,强调“所有的”)
  • There is little that I can do for you.(先行词是little,这时候只能用that,强调“没有、很少“)

先行词前面有who,which等疑问代词时

  • Who is the man that is standing there?(先行词是man,但前面有疑问词who,这时候只能用that。我们可以认为,这是英语中为了避免重复而做出的限定。英语表达的一个特征就是不喜欢重复,所以,在一个场景下, 表达相同含义时,通常会用很多同义词或近义词)

先行词既有人,也有物时

  • The writer and his work that you told me are really famous.(先行词有writer和work,一个是人,一个是物,为了统一,这时候我们不能用who或which,只能用that)

4.5 紧缩to do的定语从句

参看这里

4.5.1 介词+关系代词+不定式

当引导定语从句的关系代词用作介词的宾语时,有时可用”介词+关系代词+不定式”这样的结构来简化定语从句。通常表现形式:in which to do sth,with which to do sth,on which to do sth.

  • She must have time in which she can grow calm.

  • She must have time in which to grow calm

  • Allow me one minute in which I can change my clothes.

  • Allow me one minute in which to change my clothes.

可以看到,紧缩的时候,其实是将前面的主语 + can do sth省略为to do sth了

  • He was miserable unless he had neighbors with whom he could quarrel
  • He was miserable unless he had neighbors with whom to quarrel

whom代表的是he could quarrel with sb.的宾语

  • She had some money in the bank,with which she could help her mother
  • She had some money in the bank,with which to help her mother。

注意,这个定语从句是,非限制性定语从句,which描述的是She had xxx的这个事,而with,是help sb. with sth.的介词

4.5.2 介词+不定式

在部分情况下,我们可以进一步省略关系代词,只保留介词和不定式。注意,这时候介词要移至不定式之后,且当先行词为表时间的名词时,该介词通常省略。

  • She must have time in which she can grow calm.

  • She must have time in which to grow calm

  • She must have time to grow calme (in)

  • Allow me one minute in which I can change my clothes.

  • Allow me one minute in which to change my clothes.

  • Allow me one minute to change my clothes (in)

又例如:

  • He was miserable unless he had neighbors with whom he could quarrel
  • He was miserable unless he had neighbors with whom to quarrel
  • He was miserable unless he had neighbors to quarrel with

定语从句的先行词,不是表时间的,所以,末尾的with介词不能省略

4.5.3 误区,关系代词+不定式+介词

关系代词+不定式+介词,这种句型是错的。

  • 要么是,介词+关系代词+不定式
  • 要么是,省略关系代词,不定式+介词

例如:

  • 正确,There the children had a garden in which to play
  • 正确,There the children had a garden in which they could play
  • 正确,There the children had a garden to play in
  • 错误,There the children had a garden which to play in

5 状语从句

状语其实更好理解,它是典型的枝干,是帮助句子完善细节的一个成分。完善的细节,可以包括,时间、地点、原因、方式、目的、结果、条件等。例如,on that day,in the desk,by bike。

总体而言,状语修饰的是动词,形容词,副词,全句。例如:

  • He is sad to hear the bad news,to hear the bad news修饰形容词
  • The food is very delicious,very就是修饰形容词
  • The student usually have lunch in the school,usually修饰动词
  • He works very hard on his subject,hard是副词,修饰work动词,同时,very是修饰hard副词,它也是个状语。
  • 从句,My friends dislike me because I’m handsome and successful.(修饰全句)

5.1 表时间的

  • when/while/as,when中的谓语动词可以是延续性或瞬时的,while中的谓语动词必须是延续性,强调同时发生,as中的谓语动词是延续性的,强调动作先后发生的
  • before/after,before中的谓语动词不用否定形式,主句在前,从句在后(才,就)。after主句在后,从句在前。
  • until/till,主句谓语是瞬时动作,必须用否定形式;(直到。。。才。。。)主句谓语是延续性动作,都可以;(在。。。之前一直。。。)
  • since,主句完成时,从句过去式
  • as soon as/the moment/the minute
  • hardly… when,要倒装
  • each time/every time

5.2 表地点的

  • when…,there…
  • anywhere/wherever

5.3 表原因的

  • because/since/as/for

5.4 表目的

  • so that/in order that
  • in case/for fear that

5.5 表结果的

  • so … that,接形容词或副词
  • such … that,接名词

5.6 表方式的

as/as if/as though,从句虚拟语气

5.7 表让步的

though/although,不能和but连用

5.8 表比较的

  • as … as
  • than
  • no more than

5.9 表条件的

  • if/unless
  • on condition that/so long as/in case
  • supposing that/providing that
  • only if/if only,只要。。。要是。。。

5.10 例子

When Chou En-lai’s door opened, they saw a man of more than average height with gleaming eyes and a face so striking that it bordered on the beautiful.

  • When Chou En-lai’s door opened,时间状语从句,修饰整句
  • so … that 是状语从句,修饰形容词striking
  • of more than average height,是定语,修饰man,介词短语的形式修饰

6 there be

6.1 要点

  • there is a book.

there是引导词,be是谓语动词,a book是名词,更是主语。可以看出,这个句型中,主谓倒置了

  • there is a book
  • there are three books

be动词是用is还是用are,取决于后面的名词是单数还是复数

  • There is a book。表示某地或某时间有什么东西,东西是客观存在的,独立的事物
  • I have a book。表示主语拥有什么东西,东西是从属于主语的。

6.2 常用句型

常用句型有:

  • there is/are sth。(有…)
  • there is not sth。(没有…)
  • there is nothing to do。(没什么可做)
  • there is no use doing。(做…没有用)
  • there is no need to do。(做…没必要)
  • there is no point in doing。(做…没意义)
  • there is said to be。(据说…)
  • there must be。(一定有…)

6.3 非谓语形式

  • there being
  • there to be

7 倒装句

一个正常的句子,形式是“主语+谓语+其他”,主语在谓语之前。而倒装句,其实就是把谓语(或谓语的一部分)放在了主语之前形成的句式。例如:

  • Here comes the bus。(come是谓语提前了)
  • Are you hungry?(be动词提前了)
  • May I come in?( may 是情态动词,提前了)

7.1 分类

我们可以把倒装句分为两类。一类叫完全倒装句(谓语在主语前),一类叫部分倒装句(情态动词或助词在主语前)。

部分倒装:(标红的为提前的助动词或情态动词)

  • Never have I watched such a moving film.
  • No sooner had she seen him than she smiled
  • May you be happy forever.

完全倒装:(标红的为提前的谓语)

  • There stands a tree.
  • Here is the money
  • Away flew the bird.

倒装的意义在于,渲染氛围,强调意图

7.2 常用句型

7.2.1 强调否定含义

no longer…;no more…等否定意义的短语。

  • No longer was he in this school. (强调他已经不在了)

not until…

  • Not until I began to study did I realize how much time I had wasted.(强调我此前一直没学习,直到……)

never、seldom、hardly、little、few 等否定含义的词位于句首。

  • Never shall I forget her. (强调我绝不会……)
  • Seldom did I go to that park.(强调我很少……)

neither……nor;no sooner……than;not only……but also;hardly……when等词组。

  • Neither do I know it, nor do I care about it. (强调我既不……,也不……)。
  • Hardly had he arrived when the rain left. (强调他此前一直没来,直到……)

Not only will we go there, but also all my friends will come with us. (这个句型不算否定,但形式跟其他几种否定类似,就一起放在这里,这是一个肯定含义的词组哦)

7.2.2 强调状语

Only + 状语 位于句首

  • Only in this way can we solve the problem. (强调只有用这种方法,才能……)

here/there/then 位于句首

  • Here comes the bus. (强调这里来了)

away/down/up/in/off等方位副词位于句首

  • Away went the children. (强调走开了)

7.2.3 强调修饰

so/such……that (如此……以致……)

  • So beautiful is she that everyone likes her. (强调beautiful)

the more……the more…… (越……越……)

  • The more you learn, the easier it becomes.(强调easier)

倒装句,一般是把谓语或谓语的一部分提到主语前,或者把be动词这类系动词提到主语前。但以上这两种句型,虽然也存在倒装,但都是把表语(或宾语)提前了,比较灵活一点。

7.3 句子类

最后,还有一些特殊句型本质也是倒装句,比如

  • 一般疑问句
  • 祈使句
  • 感叹句
  • 祝愿句
  • if引导的虚拟条件句

8 插入语

看这里

https://baijiahao.baidu.com/s?id=1629234427842498414&wfr=spider&for=pc

https://zhidao.baidu.com/question/374544990277945444.html

https://wenku.baidu.com/view/b1260843f38583d049649b6648d7c1c708a10b35.html

插入语是插在句子中的一个词,短语或者从句,通常被逗号、破折号或句子的其他部分分隔开,它与句子的其他部分之间没有语法上的关系。插入语在句中通常是对一句话的一些附加解释,说明或总结;

8.1 形容词或者形容词短语

worst still,sure enough,strange,most important of all等等。

  • Strang,there is nobody in the classroom.
  • 很奇怪,教师里没有人。

8.2 副词或者副词短语

personally, honestly, fortunately, luckily, for use, though, besides, exactly, surely, frankly, still otherwise等等。

  • Luckily for you, I happen to have the key.
  • 你很运气,我正好带了钥匙

8.3 介词短语

Of course,in shot, as a matter of fact, by the way, on the other hand, in my opinion, in conclusion等等

  • In short,we should not stop halfway.
  • 简言之,我们不能半途而废
  • As a result, they suffered heavy losses.
  • 结果,他们受到了严重损失。

8.4 现在分词短语

generally speaking, judging from/by …, talking of …, considering …等等

  • Considering his age, he did very well.
  • 从年龄考虑,他干得不错。
  • Frankly speaking, I don’t like the job.
  • 坦率地说,我不喜欢这份工作
  • Talking of singing, will you go to the concert with me tonight?
  • 说到唱歌,你今晚愿意和我一块去音乐会吗?

8.5 过去分词

  • Painted white, we like the house better.
  • 漆成白色,我们更喜欢这房子。

由于这种过去分词是独立的,没有逻辑主语

8.6 动词不定式

To be sure, To be frank, To tell you the truth, so to speak等等

  • To be frank, I don’t quite agree with you.
  • 坦率地说,我不太同意你的意见。
  • That’s a wonderful idea, to be sure.
  • 这个主意好极了,的确。
  • To tell you the truth, I am not very interested in going to the show.
  • 说是在的,我不太想去看演出。

8.7 代词词组

all the same,all told,all in all等等

  • His crew was reduced to twenty-four all told.
  • 他的船员减少到总共二十四人。
  • All in all, her condition is greatly improved.
  • 总的来说,她的情况有很大反转。

8.8 从句

if so/not/any,if I may say so,if you don’t mind, as you know, as you say等等

  • If I may say so, we know nothing about it.
  • 正如我所说的,我们对它一无所知。
  • This man, as you know, is good for nothing.
  • 正如你所说的,这个人是个废物

8.9 句子

I say/har , I think/hope/believe, you know/see, what’s more, that is (to say), I’m afraid, do you think/suppose等等

  • It’s a great mistake, I think, not to accept their proposal.
  • 我看,不接受他们的建议是个大错误
  • The temple disappeared, no more remembers when.
  • 谁也不记得什么时候这座庙就没有了
  • The old man, it is said, was an artist but people hardly know anything about this side of his life.
  • 据说,这位老人曾是个艺术家,可是人们对他这方面的生活几乎一无所知。

8.10 标点符号引导

  • He was (strange as it seems) an excellent sportsman.
  • 他(尽管还显得令人不解)是个出色的运动员
  • He was – to me at last, if not to you – a figure that was worth having pity on.
  • 至少我觉得如此,即使你不这样认为,他是一个值得同情的人。

9 总结

参考资料:

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